The paper points out that:<\/p>\n

\u201cJobs upgrading is mirrored in projected employment shifting away from sectors such as agriculture, basic manufacturing, distribution and retail towards service sectors. At the same time, the twin \u2013 digital and green \u2013 transition is driving employment trends up to 2035.\u201d<\/p>\n

The paper points out that:<\/p>\n

\u201cTechnological innovation, particularly via digitalisation, automation, connectivity, and blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI), transforms jobs and skill needs. Demand for professionals in the computer programming sector is expected to grow, particularly for highly skilled profiles such as IT software and application developers and analysts.\u201d<\/p>\n

In addition:<\/p>\n

\u201cAutomation, robotisation and other forms of digitalisation transform skill needs in all types of occupations and at all qualification levels. Digital transformation will shift upwards the level of digital skills employers ask for; even in low-skilled occupations, where no special training was needed in the past (such as agriculture), the demand for medium and high-level digital skills (e.g. using sensors-based technology) will grow.\u201d<\/p>\n

Finally:<\/p>\n

\u201cCedefop\u2019s skills forecast anticipates strong job growth for highly skilled tech workers, such as ICT professionals, up to 2035. The employment shares of technicians are expected to decline, because of automation, labour market tightness leading to outsourcing, and because the population becoming better digitally skilled supresses the need for service provision to support advanced technologies.\u201d<\/p>\n

Recruitment may be an issue<\/h3>\n

The paper points out that \u201calongside lacking skills, the \u2018great resignation\u2019 workforce ageing and companies adopting new digital work and learning practices also underpin recruitment bottlenecks.\u201d In addition,<\/p>\n

\u201cThe finding that jobs of workers in shortage occupations give them more discretion in organising and planning their work, learning, and adapting to unexpected situations or varying tasks, suggests that the lack of such skills may explain why hiring difficulties occur.\u201d<\/p>\n

Finally, recruitment difficulties in highly skilled occupations \u201ccould be substantial when, among the growing group of highly qualified young people, not enough have the specific job requirements (qualifications or experience) occupations require.\u201d<\/p>\n